Uncertainties in global crop model frameworks: effects of cultivar distribution, crop management and soil handling on crop yield estimates

10 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Ecosystem Services and Management Program, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria University of Chicago and ANL Computation Institute, Chicago, IL 60637, USA Columbia University Center for Climate Systems Research and NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA 15 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany Comenius University in Bratislava, Department of Soil Science, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic University of Maryland, Department of Geographical Sciences, College Park, MD 20742, USA Texas A&M University, Texas AgriLife Research and Extension, Temple, TX 76502, USA Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland 20 University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Economic Development, 1180 Vienna, Austria Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, National Agricultural and Food Centre, 82713 Bratis lava, Slovak Republic Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland 25 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-IFU, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement. CEA CNRS UVSQ Orme des Merisiers, F91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France National Center for Atmospheric Research, Earth System Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80307, USA Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden 30 School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Science and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA Peking University, Sino-French Institute of Earth System Sciences, 100871 Beijing, China 35